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Understanding and Interpreting Bi-Weekly Payroll Accruals

  1. Why do we accrue payroll expenses?

    • Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement 34 issued in June 1999 requires accrual accounting for all government activities and generally requires all capital assets to be depreciated.
    • Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement 35 is an amendment of GASB Statement No. 34. It means that GASB 34 also applies to public colleges and universities.
  2. Two types of payroll accruals

    Generated offsets for each payroll that record liabilities and corresponding entries to reverse those liabilities and impact cash. When payroll expenses are passed from the labor ledger to the general ledger, offsets are generated to balance the accounting entries. Generally this offset occurs in object code 9050 (Salaries Payable) which is very similar to object code 9041 used to record accounts payable liabilities. The following shows sample entries from the offset definition table, which dictates the offset balance type and object code used for a given document type.

  3. Fiscal Year Chart Document Type Balance Type Object Code
    2008 BL HDRW AC 9050
    2008 BL OPAY AC 9050
    2008 BL PAY AC 9050
    2008 BL PAYA AC 9050
    2008 BL PAYC AC 8000
    2008 BL PAYD AC 8000
    2008 BL PAYE IE 9891
    2008 BL PAYN AC 9050
    2008 BL PAYR AC 8000
    2008 BL RETR AC 8000

    Below are sample entries created when payroll M004013108 was posted from HRMS/Peoplesoft on 1/25/2008:

    Account Object Doc Type Doc Number Debit Credit
    10-200-00 2400 PAY M004013108 $10,000  
    10-200-00 8000 PAY M004013108   $10,000

    The following entries, reversing the liability and crediting cash, were then created when payroll M004013108 was paid on 1/31/2008:

    Account Object Doc Type Doc Number Debit Credit
    10-200-00 9050 PAYD M004013108 $10,000  
    10-200-00 8000 PAYD M004013108   $10,000

    • Month-end bi-weekly payroll accruals – At the end of each month there are bi-weekly payroll expenses earned but not yet reflected in the university’s accounting ledgers.

    Web address for Payroll Bulletin: http://www.fms.indiana.edu/payroll/bulcal.asp

    Group Pay Run ID Number Off Cycle Pay Period Begin Date Pay Period End Date Vouchers Available Job Pay Flag Cutoff Pending Voucher Cutoff Date Close Date Check Date Fiscal Period Fiscal Year
    S12 M001010208 N 12/1/2007 12/31/2007 12/11/2007 12/18/2007 12/20/2007 12/21/2007 1/2/2008 6 2008
    S12 O001010308 Y 1/3/2008 1/3/2008     1/3/2008 1/3/2008 1/3/2008 7 2008
    BW1 O001010308 Y 12/28/2007 12/28/2007     1/3/2008 1/3/2008 1/3/2008 7 2008
    AS0 O001010308 Y 1/4/2008 1/4/2008     1/3/2008 1/3/2008 1/3/2008 7 2008
    FEL O001010308 Y 2/1/2008 2/1/2008     1/3/2008 1/3/2008 1/3/2008 7 2008
    BW1 B002011108 N 12/16/2007 12/29/2007 12/27/2007 12/31/2007 1/3/2008 1/4/2008 1/11/2008 7 2008
    S12 O002011008 Y 1/10/2008 1/10/2008     1/10/2008 1/10/2008 1/10/2008 7 2008
    BW1 O002011008 Y 1/10/2008 1/10/2008     1/10/2008 1/10/2008 1/10/2008 7 2008
    S12 O003011708 Y 1/11/2008 1/11/2008     1/17/2008 1/17/2008 1/17/2008 7 2008
    BW1 O003011708 Y 1/11/2008 1/11/2008     1/17/2008 1/17/2008 1/17/2008 7 2008
    BW1 B003012508 N 12/30/2007 1/12/2008 1/10/2008 1/15/2008 1/17/2008 1/18/2008 1/25/2008 7 2008
    S12 O004012408 Y 1/24/2008 1/24/2008     1/24/2008 1/24/2008 1/24/2008 7 2008
    BW1 O004012408 Y 1/24/2008 1/24/2008     1/24/2008 1/24/2008 1/24/2008 7 2008
    FEL O004012408 Y 2/2/2008 2/2/2008     1/24/2008 1/24/2008 1/24/2008 7 2008
    S12 M004013108 N 1/1/2008 1/31/2008 1/11/2008 1/22/2008 1/24/2008 1/25/2008 1/31/2008 7 2008
    S12 O005013108 Y 2/1/2008 2/1/2008     1/31/2008 1/31/2008 1/31/2008 7 2008
    BW1 O005013108 Y 1/25/2008 1/25/2008     1/31/2008 1/31/2008 1/31/2008 7 2008
    FEL O005013108 Y 3/1/2008 3/1/2008     1/31/2008 1/31/2008 1/31/2008 7 2008
    BW1 B005020808 N 1/13/2008 1/26/2008 1/24/2008 1/29/2008 1/31/2008 2/1/2008 2/8/2008 8 2008
    S12 O006020708 Y 2/7/2008 2/7/2008     2/7/2008 2/7/2008 2/7/2008 8 2008
    BW1 O006020708 Y 2/7/2008 2/7/2008     2/7/2008 2/7/2008 2/7/2008 8 2008
    S12 O007021308 Y 2/8/2008 2/8/2008     2/13/2008 2/13/2008 2/13/2008 8 2008
    BW1 O007021308 Y 2/8/2008 2/8/2008     2/13/2008 2/13/2008 2/13/2008 8 2008
    FEL O007021308 Y 3/2/2008 3/2/2008     2/13/2008 2/13/2008 2/13/2008 8 2008
    BW1 B006022208 N 1/27/2008 2/9/2008 2/7/2008 2/11/2008 2/13/2008 2/14/2008 2/22/2008 8 2008

    Based on the payroll calendar above, bi-weekly payroll B005020808 had a period end date of 1/26/2008 and was posted as a February payroll (fiscal period 08). However, this entire payroll was earned in January (10 working days). Bi-weekly payroll B006022208 had a period end date of 2/09/2008 and was also posted as a February payroll. Of the 10 working days covered by this payroll, four days occurred in January and six days occurred in February. For the January monthly operating statements, payroll expenses were accrued for the 14 working days earned in January but not yet posted. The accrual was based upon the last available bi-weekly payroll processed. In this example the base for the accrual estimate was bi-weekly payroll B003012508.

    Last Biweekly Payroll of Period X (Number of Days to Accrue / Number of Days in a Biweekly Pay Period) Amounts from B003012706 X (12 / 10)

    The following diagram shows the earn codes selected by the bi-weekly payroll accrual program:

    Earn Code Description Selected Y/N? Example Object Code
    RGN Regular Pay Nonexempt Staff Y 2500
    RGH Regular Pay Hourly Y 3000/3500
    RGP Regular Pay PERF N 3050
    RGW Regular Pay Work-Study N 3800
    OOR Overtime Only Hourly N 3200

    For bi-weekly staff, leave earn types are also accrued – sick, vacation, military, injury, etc.

    Currently overpayments, cancellations, and hand-drawns are processed with off-cycle payrolls and would be excluded. Also, clearing account expenses and supplementals are excluded from the calculation. At this time, retroactive adjustments processed with bi-weekly payrolls would be included in the payroll accrual calculation.

    When generating the accounting entries, the program will list as part of the document number the payrolls that are being accrued and reversed. In January, the document number used was ACCR-0506, indicating that the accrual was for bi-weekly payrolls B005020808 and B006022208.

    Accruals are posted with a document type of “PAYA” and reversed using document type “PAYN”. Both of these document types have an offset object code of 9050 and do not affect cash.

    To prevent overdrafts and to retain the budget to actual to encumbrance comparison, payroll accruals and reversals are accompanied by offsetting encumbrance transactions:

    Example Accruals from January:

    Account Object Balance Type Doc Type Doc Number Debit Credit
    1912610 2500 AC PAYA ACCR-0506 $10,000  
    1912610 9050 AC PAYA ACCR-0506   $10,000
                 
    1912610 2500 IE PAYE ACCR-0506   $10,000
    1912610 9891 IE PAYE ACCR-0506 $10,000  

    The accrual estimate recorded payroll expenses in the month earned.

    Example Reversals from February:

    Account Object Balance Type Doc Type Doc Number Debit Credit
    1912610 2500 AC PAYN ACCR-0506   $10,000
    1912610 9050 AC PAYN ACCR-0506 $10,000  
                 
    1912610 2500 IE PAYE ACCR-0506 $10,000  
    1912610 9891 IE PAYE ACCR-0506   $10,000

    The accrual reversals offset the actual payroll expenses that were booked by HRMS/Peoplesoft when payrolls B005020808 and B006022208were posted to February.


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